Experimental research preview

Will your major survive the AI economy?

College costs the same whether the job it leads to still exists in 2031. The AI-Proof Index scores every major family — and every college's degree mix — on how resilient its return on investment is to AI displacement, synthesized from the latest labor-market research.

30major families scored
192colleges indexed
26research sources synthesized
v0.1-experimentalexperimental preview

Which college majors are most AI-proof?

Health Professions (score 90), Education (76), Transportation and Materials Moving (74), and Engineering (71) are the most AI-proof major families in the index — the only ones graded AI-Secure (score 70 or higher). Scores come from a 3-lens synthesis of 60 verified 2026 claims covering task exposure, observed displacement, entry-level hiring, augmentation upside, human moat, and degree ROI.

Which majors are most exposed to AI?

Foreign Languages and Literatures (score 23) and English Language and Literature (28) score lowest and are the only families graded High risk. Communications and Journalism (32), Visual and Performing Arts (33), and Liberal Arts and Humanities (37) follow in the Exposed band. Low scores reflect task overlap with frontier models and measurable 2023–26 entry-level hiring damage.

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Part 1 · Majors

The major-family rankings

Thirty major families, scored 0–100. Higher = the degree's ROI is more resilient to AI through ~2035. Click a row for the evidence, the at-risk specialties inside each family, and how three scoring lenses disagreed.

1Health Professions CIP 51 AI-Secure↗ improving
90$71k▸
The single most AI-proof family: licensed hands-on care has shortages through the 2030s, and even radiology — AI's poster child for doom — hit record pay and residencies.
Every evidence stream converges: 68% of nursing skills are minimally GenAI-transformable (Indeed), health aides are the one field where young workers outgrew older ones in ADP data, nursing posts the lowest underemployment of all 73 majors (12.8%) at $70K, and BLS projects healthcare as ~one-third of all new US jobs (NP +40.1%). The radiology natural experiment — $571K average pay and a record 1,478 residency slots a decade after Hinton's obsolescence call — is the canonical proof that licensure, liability, and demand growth dominate task exposure. Score deviates +2 from the blend (88) on the strength of decade-long structural shortages (HRSA 10% RN gap, AAMC up to 86K physicians).
Task exposure (inverted)
84
Observed displacement (inv.)
92
Entry-level resilience
91
Augmentation upside
72
Human moat
96
ROI resilience
83
Most at risk inside this family
Medical transcription (BLS -4.9%, explicit AI call)Clinical lab science / medical technicians (+5.86pp unemployment slide)Health information management / medical coding
Most resilient inside this family
Nursing and nurse practitioner (BLS +40.1%)PT/OT/SLP (+11-15%)Physician pathways incl. radiologyMental/behavioral health clinicians
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Brynjolfsson, Chandar & Chen 'Canaries' (ADP) · Indeed AI at Work Report 2025 · Fortune/Medscape radiology natural experiment (2026)
Labor economist: 90Career advisor: 90AI skeptic: 88
2Education CIP 13 AI-Secure→ stable
76$54k▸
Teachers are nearly unfireable by AI — the catch is the paycheck, not the robot.
The three lowest-unemployment majors in the country are all education fields (special ed 0.74%, misc ed 1.09%, elementary 1.18%; NY Fed Feb 2026), and the observed AI usage pattern is strongly augmentative — teachers using AI weekly save ~5.9 hours/week (Gallup/Walton), and AEI shows instructional-materials usage rising in augmentation mode. The headwind is demographic (BLS -2% on a 5.5-6.7% enrollment decline), not AI, and should not be scored as displacement. ROI is capped by near-bottom wages ($45-48K) and the early-childhood sub-field is weak (6.59% unemployment).
Task exposure (inverted)
60
Observed displacement (inv.)
91
Entry-level resilience
87
Augmentation upside
78
Human moat
83
ROI resilience
46
Most at risk inside this family
Early childhood education (6.59% unemployment, above all-major average)Instructional design / curriculum-content development (writing-heavy, AEI's fastest-growing AI task)Corporate training and ed-tech content rolesTest-prep and tutoring-content businesses
Most resilient inside this family
Special education (0.74% unemployment, lowest of all majors)Elementary and secondary classroom teaching (licensure + in-person supervision)School counseling and student-services roles
Key evidence: NY Fed outcomes by major (Feb 2026) · BLS 2024-34 projections (demographic, not AI, driver) · Gallup/Walton 'Teaching for Tomorrow' 2025 · Anthropic Economic Index (education usage augmentation-leaning) · Indeed Hiring Lab new-grad report (Apr 2026)
Labor economist: 72Career advisor: 77AI skeptic: 76
3Transportation & Materials Moving CIP 49 AI-Secure→ stable
74$82k▸
FAA licenses, maritime tickets, and physical freight: among the most AI-proof degree paths with genuinely strong pay — autonomy is a 2040s question, not a 2030s one.
Degree-level transportation careers (professional pilots, maritime officers, logistics/supply-chain operations) combine heavy licensure (FAA, USCG), full embodiment, and safety-regulation moats — ship engineers rank near the bottom of Microsoft's AI-applicability index and physical-work domains barely register in AEI usage. Pilot and skilled-transport shortages support entry pipelines, and pay is strong for the protective tier. The exposed slice is office-side logistics analysis and dispatch, which inherits business-clerical automation risk; full vehicle autonomy remains beyond the ~2035 scoring horizon for licensed roles.
Task exposure (inverted)
82
Observed displacement (inv.)
78
Entry-level resilience
72
Augmentation upside
50
Human moat
80
ROI resilience
61
Most at risk inside this family
Dispatch and routing desk roles (algorithmic substitution)Freight-brokerage clerical workLogistics analyst office rungs
Most resilient inside this family
Professional pilot pathway (FAA licensure + shortage)Maritime officers/engineers (bottom of AI-applicability index)Rail and port operations management (safety-regulated, on-site)
Key evidence: Microsoft Research 'Working with AI' (ship engineers rank 752/785) · AEI v1 (physical work ~0.1% of usage) · Eloundou et al. (embodiment protective) · BLS 2024-34 occupational projections
Labor economist: 74Career advisor: 68AI skeptic: 75
4Engineering CIP 14 AI-Secure→ stable
71$98k▸
Physical-world engineering — civil, mechanical, aerospace, electrical — is thriving; only the computer-flavored corner caught the tech-hiring flu.
The family must be split: civil (2.26% unemployment), aerospace (2.18%), and electrical (3.16%) post some of the lowest underemployment in the entire NY Fed dataset (14.7-21.1%) with $75-85K wages, and BLS projects industrial +11%, mechanical +9.1%, civil +5%, EE +7% on infrastructure, grid, and reshoring demand AI cannot do — plus PE licensure and stamp liability as moats. Computer engineering (7.78% unemployment, second-highest of 73 majors) drags the average, but the skeptic lens attributes much of that to the same rates/Section 174/overhiring cycle as CS. Construction-adjacent demand (ABC: 349-456K annual worker gaps) reinforces the physical side.
Task exposure (inverted)
53
Observed displacement (inv.)
65
Entry-level resilience
66
Augmentation upside
73
Human moat
74
ROI resilience
83
Most at risk inside this family
Computer engineering (7.78% recent-grad unemployment, 2nd highest of 73 majors)Software-adjacent EE/embedded roles hired through tech pipelinesCAD/drafting-heavy junior roles
Most resilient inside this family
Civil engineering (infrastructure bill demand, PE stamp)Aerospace (2nd-lowest underemployment of all majors)Electrical/power engineering (grid + semiconductor build-out)Industrial engineering (+11%, fastest in family)Mechanical engineering (+9.1%)
Key evidence: NY Fed outcomes by major (Feb 2026) · BLS 2024-34 engineering projections · Associated Builders and Contractors 2026 workforce analysis · FRED/Indeed Section 174 + pre-ChatGPT postings-peak analysis · Goldman Sachs (37% of A&E tasks automatable — exposure heavily discounted per Frey-Osborne post-mortem)
Labor economist: 64Career advisor: 72AI skeptic: 71
5Agriculture CIP 01 Moderate→ stable
68$62k▸
Dirt-under-the-fingernails work AI can't reach (1.4% unemployment), though over half of ag grads end up in jobs that didn't strictly need the degree.
Agriculture anchors the protective end of every exposure spectrum — 0.1% of Claude usage, near-bottom Copilot applicability, embodied and land-based — and posts 1.40% recent-grad unemployment with zero observed AI damage. Precision agriculture makes AI a complement to agronomy rather than a substitute. The asterisk is 57.1% underemployment: the jobs are safe but the degree premium is modest, which the ROI component carries.
Task exposure (inverted)
88
Observed displacement (inv.)
75
Entry-level resilience
69
Augmentation upside
53
Human moat
74
ROI resilience
40
Most at risk inside this family
Ag-business marketing/commodity-analysis desk rolesRoutine food-supply-chain admin
Most resilient inside this family
Agronomy and field operations managementPrecision-agriculture technology managementFood science / plant QA roles
Key evidence: Anthropic Economic Index v1 (2025) · Microsoft Research Bing Copilot study (2025) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026)
Labor economist: 67Career advisor: 68AI skeptic: 70
6Natural Resources & Conservation CIP 03 Moderate→ stable
67$58k▸
You can't prompt a forest — field conservation work is near the bottom of AI exposure; the constraint is government budgets, not robots.
Forestry and conservation score among the lowest AI-applicability ratings in usage data (0.03-0.06 in Microsoft's Copilot study; farming/fishing/forestry at 0.1% of Claude traffic), and the work's field-based embodiment is a structural moat through 2035. AI in remote sensing and monitoring acts as a complement. The risks are non-AI: funding-dependent public-sector demand and modest wages with meaningful underemployment, which cap the ROI component rather than the AI-proofness.
Task exposure (inverted)
87
Observed displacement (inv.)
74
Entry-level resilience
65
Augmentation upside
50
Human moat
72
ROI resilience
46
Most at risk inside this family
Desk-based GIS/report-writing environmental analysisEnvironmental-policy content roles
Most resilient inside this family
Field conservation and wildlife managementForestry operationsEnvironmental compliance with site inspection
Key evidence: Microsoft Research Bing Copilot study (2025) · Anthropic Economic Index v1 (2025) · Eloundou et al. science-skill protective coefficient (Science 2024)
Labor economist: 66Career advisor: 67AI skeptic: 71
7Engineering Technology CIP 15 Moderate→ stable
66$88k▸
Hands-on tech work is AI-shielded and employed (1.74% unemployment), but nearly half end up in jobs that didn't need the degree.
Embodied technician and construction-adjacent work scores at the bottom of AI applicability (Microsoft Copilot study: ship engineers, tire repairers, roofers near zero), and engineering technologies grads post just 1.74% unemployment. The catch is 44.4% underemployment — the AI-proofness is real but the degree premium over trade-school routes is thin, and trade enrollment (+11.7% YoY) is pressuring the credential from below. Construction's structural labor deficit (ABC: 439K needed in 2025 alone) keeps the pipeline healthy through 2031.
Task exposure (inverted)
72
Observed displacement (inv.)
74
Entry-level resilience
71
Augmentation upside
53
Human moat
68
ROI resilience
46
Most at risk inside this family
CAD/drafting technicians (generative design tools)Routine electronics testing/QC roles
Most resilient inside this family
Construction management technology (BLS construction managers +9%)Manufacturing/industrial technology (reshoring)Field service and maintenance engineering tech
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Microsoft Research Bing Copilot applicability study · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Associated Builders and Contractors 2026 Workforce Analysis
Labor economist: 62Career advisor: 66AI skeptic: 66
8Homeland Security & Law Enforcement CIP 43 Moderate→ stable
65$62k▸
Sworn, embodied, civil-service-protected work AI can't do — but the highest underemployment of any major says the degree itself is often optional.
Policing, corrections, fire science, and emergency management are physically embodied, legally restricted to sworn/credentialed humans, and chronically understaffed — criminal justice posts just 3.56% recent-grad unemployment. The decisive caveat from the NY Fed data: 65.8% underemployment, the highest of all 73 majors, meaning most grads hold jobs not requiring the degree — an AI-proof career reachable without the tuition. I deduct ~2 points from the raw blend for that degree-redundancy problem. Report-writing and records administration are the only meaningfully exposed task slices.
Task exposure (inverted)
78
Observed displacement (inv.)
74
Entry-level resilience
78
Augmentation upside
47
Human moat
82
ROI resilience
29
Most at risk inside this family
Records/dispatch administrative rolesRoutine compliance/screening desk jobsThe BA itself as a credential (65.8% underemployment)
Most resilient inside this family
Sworn officer and federal-agent tracks (academy + clearance moat)Emergency management leadershipCybersecurity-crossover homeland-security roles
Key evidence: NY Fed outcomes by major (3.56% unemployment / 65.8% underemployment) · Microsoft Research 'Working with AI' (embodied-work floor) · Eloundou et al. (Job Zone patterns)
Labor economist: 65Career advisor: 64AI skeptic: 65
9Public Administration & Social Service CIP 44 Moderate→ stable
65$60k▸
Social work and public service are trust-and-presence jobs AI can't fill — near-guaranteed employment, just at a modest salary.
Social services grads post 1.94% unemployment (6th lowest of 73 majors), BLS projects social workers +6% with 74,000 annual openings and counselors +17%, and the work's moat — licensure (LCSW), in-person care, government employment, and trust with vulnerable populations — is among the strongest outside health. AI exposure is limited to paperwork and case-documentation, which augments rather than replaces caseworkers. The cost is low pay ($43K) and ~30% underemployment, captured in the ROI component.
Task exposure (inverted)
62
Observed displacement (inv.)
78
Entry-level resilience
73
Augmentation upside
55
Human moat
78
ROI resilience
41
Most at risk inside this family
Administrative casework processing and benefits-eligibility paperwork rolesGrant-writing-heavy program roles
Most resilient inside this family
Licensed clinical social work (LCSW)Child welfare and protective servicesEmergency management and direct community services
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Frey & Osborne 2024 reappraisal (in-person bottlenecks)
Labor economist: 63Career advisor: 65AI skeptic: 69
10Biological & Biomedical Sciences CIP 26 Moderate→ stable
64$65k▸
The wet lab is one of the most AI-shielded places a graduate can stand — but the BA alone underpays; this degree works best as a runway to health professions or grad school.
Bio/health science majors have the lowest LLM exposure of any degree field (Fed z=-2.02), Eloundou's science-skill coefficient is protective, and AEI's effective-coverage analysis shows lab tasks see essentially no AI usage. The caution flags are at the bench-tech margin — clinical lab technologists projected at just +2%, medical technicians' unemployment deteriorated +5.86pp (worst two-year slide of any major) — and the terminal BA carries 51.1% underemployment. As a pre-med/pre-health/biotech pipeline (AAMC projects up to 86,000 missing physicians by 2036), it remains structurally strong.
Task exposure (inverted)
78
Observed displacement (inv.)
65
Entry-level resilience
57
Augmentation upside
63
Human moat
67
ROI resilience
47
Most at risk inside this family
Clinical laboratory technologist/technician roles (BLS +2%)Medical technicians (+5.86pp unemployment deterioration)Routine bench QC and assay-running jobs
Most resilient inside this family
Pre-med / pre-health professional pipelinesBiotech R&D with computational/AI skillsBiostatistics and bioinformatics hybrids
Key evidence: Federal Reserve Board FEDS Note on educational AI exposure (2025) · Anthropic Economic Index 'Economic primitives' (Jan 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · AAMC physician supply projections (2024) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026)
Labor economist: 58Career advisor: 64AI skeptic: 67
11Parks, Recreation & Fitness CIP 31 Moderate→ stable
63$61k▸
AI can't spot your bench press — embodied fitness and recreation work is safe; the question is whether it needed a four-year degree.
Physical, in-person work sits at the bottom of every AI usage and exposure measure, and wellness demand is a growth pole (McKinsey groups it with the +3.5M health-adjacent jobs). The kinesiology-to-PT/OT/athletic-training pipeline is the high-ROI path into the protected health family. Score deviates -3 from the blend (66) because many destination jobs don't strictly require the degree, so the DEGREE'S ROI — low wages and high underemployment — is weaker than the jobs' AI-proofness.
Task exposure (inverted)
84
Observed displacement (inv.)
73
Entry-level resilience
70
Augmentation upside
42
Human moat
76
ROI resilience
33
Most at risk inside this family
Sports media/marketing tracksGeneric recreation administration desk roles
Most resilient inside this family
Kinesiology → PT/OT/athletic-training pipelinesCoaching and personal training (embodied)Outdoor recreation and camp leadership
Key evidence: Anthropic Economic Index v1 (2025) · Microsoft Research Bing Copilot study (2025) · McKinsey Generative AI and the Future of Work in America (2023)
Labor economist: 60Career advisor: 63AI skeptic: 70
12Theology & Religious Vocations CIP 39 Moderate→ stable
62$49k▸
Ministry is built on presence, ritual, and trust — about the deepest human moat there is — but it has always paid in meaning more than money.
Clergy and pastoral work combine nearly every protective factor in the literature: embodied presence, care for people in crisis, institutional trust, and demand untouched by any 2023-26 displacement dataset — Frey & Osborne's reappraisal explicitly flags in-person, high-trust work as the binding bottleneck for AI. Sermon drafting and religious content are exposed at the margins, but no one delegates a deathbed visit to a chatbot. The hard cap is ROI: $41,600 early-career wages, among the lowest of all majors; score deviates -2 from the blend on that floor.
Task exposure (inverted)
72
Observed displacement (inv.)
77
Entry-level resilience
72
Augmentation upside
43
Human moat
87
ROI resilience
27
Most at risk inside this family
Religious media/content production rolesAdministrative ministry positions
Most resilient inside this family
Pastoral care and congregational leadershipHealthcare and military chaplaincyCounseling-adjacent ministry
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Frey & Osborne 2024 reappraisal · Microsoft Research Bing Copilot study (embodied-work floor)
Labor economist: 61Career advisor: 62AI skeptic: 67
13Physical Sciences CIP 40 Moderate→ stable
59$70k▸
Lab and field science is structurally hard for AI to touch, but the physics-BA-to-quant-desk shortcut is closing — plan on the lab or grad school, not the spreadsheet.
Science and critical-thinking skills carry significantly negative LLM-exposure coefficients (Eloundou) and bio/physical science majors rank lowest on the Fed's exposure mapping, with hands-on lab work showing near-zero effective AI coverage in AEI data. The wrinkle is that physics grads (6.63% unemployment, 8th highest) often land in the quant/software roles that ARE exposed, and routine instrument/QC chemistry is automatable at the margins. Geoscience, energy, and materials paths tied to physical build-out plus 20%+ AI-mention growth in scientific R&D postings give a decent augmentation story.
Task exposure (inverted)
70
Observed displacement (inv.)
56
Entry-level resilience
56
Augmentation upside
63
Human moat
59
ROI resilience
56
Most at risk inside this family
Physics BA → quant/software landing jobs (6.63% unemployment)Routine analytical chemistry / QC lab roles
Most resilient inside this family
Geoscience and environmental science (fieldwork moat)Materials science for semiconductors/energy (grad route)Applied physics in defense/photonics
Key evidence: Eloundou et al. 'GPTs are GPTs' (Science 2024) · Federal Reserve Board FEDS Note (2025) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Anthropic Economic Index 'Economic primitives' (Jan 2026)
Labor economist: 56Career advisor: 59AI skeptic: 62
14Family & Consumer Sciences CIP 19 Moderate→ stable
56$58k▸
Care-and-nutrition work keeps humans in the room — decent AI shelter, modest paychecks, best when it leads to a dietitian or early-intervention license.
The family's core destinations — dietetics, early-childhood development, community/extension education — are care-delivery and in-person roles with low measured AI exposure and licensure moats (RD credential), adjacent to the protected health and education families. No observed AI-specific displacement appears in the 2023-26 data. The drag is structural: low wages, the weak early-childhood segment (6.59% unemployment in NY Fed data), and consumer-business tracks that inherit retail/marketing exposure.
Task exposure (inverted)
68
Observed displacement (inv.)
66
Entry-level resilience
62
Augmentation upside
43
Human moat
62
ROI resilience
34
Most at risk inside this family
Consumer affairs / retail merchandising tracksFamily financial-planning support rolesEarly-childhood education segment (6.59% unemployment)
Most resilient inside this family
Registered dietitian pathway (licensure)Early-intervention and child-development servicesCommunity/extension education
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 (health/social growth) · Eloundou et al. exposure patterns (Science 2024)
Labor economist: 54Career advisor: 56AI skeptic: 61
15Psychology CIP 42 Moderate→ stable
54$60k▸
A solid bet only if it leads to a licensed care career — the BA-only path lands in exactly the admin and HR jobs AI is shrinking.
The care-delivery destination is genuinely protected — BLS projects mental health counselors +17% and licensure plus human trust block substitution — but reaching it requires graduate school. The terminal BA shows middling outcomes (4.99% unemployment, 48.3% underemployment) and its common landing zones (HR screening — IBM automated 94% of routine HR tasks; market research) are contracting. The QJE field experiment showing AI most helps novice support workers cuts both ways: augmentation now, fewer seats later.
Task exposure (inverted)
53
Observed displacement (inv.)
60
Entry-level resilience
55
Augmentation upside
56
Human moat
68
ROI resilience
39
Most at risk inside this family
BA-only HR/recruiting-screening landing jobsMarket research / consumer insights rolesPsychometric scoring and routine assessment work
Most resilient inside this family
Clinical/counseling psychology via grad school (BLS +17% counselors)School psychologyBehavioral health and applied ABA roles
Key evidence: BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · IBM AskHR reporting (2025) · Brynjolfsson, Li & Raymond 'Generative AI at Work' (QJE 2025)
Labor economist: 51Career advisor: 54AI skeptic: 60
16Architecture CIP 04 Moderate→ stable
50$69k▸
The license still stamps the drawings, but AI is eating the rendering-and-drafting apprenticeship years — and 6.8% unemployment says the squeeze is on.
Architecture splits down the middle: Goldman rates 37% of architecture/engineering tasks automatable and the Fed's image-generation exposure for the design fields is the highest of any degree category, with junior rendering/drafting/visualization — the traditional first rung — most substitutable, consistent with 6.84% recent-grad unemployment. Against that, licensure and liability (only a licensed architect can stamp), site administration, and a structural construction boom (BLS architects +4%, construction managers +9%, ABC labor deficits) protect the licensed core. Watch the entry apprenticeship pipeline: if firms stop hiring juniors to do renderings, the path to licensure narrows.
Task exposure (inverted)
43
Observed displacement (inv.)
47
Entry-level resilience
44
Augmentation upside
58
Human moat
68
ROI resilience
48
Most at risk inside this family
Architectural rendering/visualizationJunior drafting and design-production roles
Most resilient inside this family
Licensed project architects (stamping authority)Construction administration and site rolesUrban design with stakeholder/civic engagement
Key evidence: NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Goldman Sachs Research (2023) · Federal Reserve Board FEDS Note image-exposure mapping (2025) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
Labor economist: 47Career advisor: 50AI skeptic: 54
17Mathematics & Statistics CIP 27 Moderate↘ deteriorating
50$90k▸
Mathematicians are 100% task-exposed on paper, yet data scientists and actuaries are among the fastest-growing jobs — the major is a coin whose two faces are automation and the people who build it.
Eloundou rates mathematicians and quant analysts at 100% task exposure, math recent-grad unemployment rose to 5.77%, Data & Analytics posted the worst Indeed sector index (60.4), and AEI flags automated-trading workflows doubling. Against that: BLS projects data scientists +33.5% (4th fastest in the economy), actuaries +22%, statisticians +8%, 45% of data-postings now demand AI skills, and the grad-school/quant optionality keeps wages high. Score deviates +3 from the blend (47) because the demand side of building and validating AI systems runs straight through this major.
Task exposure (inverted)
17
Observed displacement (inv.)
45
Entry-level resilience
45
Augmentation upside
84
Human moat
32
ROI resilience
69
Most at risk inside this family
Routine data-analyst rolesEntry-level financial quant/trading support (automated trading doubling)Pure-math BA without computing skills
Most resilient inside this family
Statistics/data science (BLS +33.5%)Actuarial science (+22%, licensure exams as moat)BiostatisticsML research via grad school
Key evidence: Eloundou et al. 'GPTs are GPTs' (Science 2024) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Indeed Hiring Lab 2026 Trends Report · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Anthropic Economic Index 'Learning curves' (Mar 2026)
Labor economist: 45Career advisor: 50AI skeptic: 50
18Business & Marketing CIP 52 Exposed↘ deteriorating
46$89k▸
The default business degree's first rung — junior analyst, audit associate, marketing coordinator — is exactly what AI is eating; pick a specialized track or skip the generic BBA.
Observed damage is concentrated precisely here: Burning Glass finds the entry-level posting collapse concentrated in marketing specialists, project managers, and financial analysts; PwC planned to cut US entry audit/tax hiring ~32-39%; Salesforce cut support from 9,000 to 5,000; AEI's March 2026 release flags sales-outreach automation doubling; WEF's fastest-declining roles are all clerical-business functions. Yet the family also holds strong counter-pockets — finance at 2.76% unemployment and $70K, actuaries +22%, market research analysts +7%, construction managers +9%, and a 56% wage premium for AI-skilled roles — so this is a rewiring, not a wipeout. Within ±2 of the default blend.
Task exposure (inverted)
30
Observed displacement (inv.)
43
Entry-level resilience
39
Augmentation upside
68
Human moat
42
ROI resilience
62
Most at risk inside this family
Accounting/audit entry pipeline (Big 4 graduate intake cuts)Market research (Bloomberg Intelligence: ~53% of tasks automatable)Generic marketing/sales-outreach and customer-service-adjacent rolesJunior investment-banking analyst classesOffice administration / business operations
Most resilient inside this family
Supply chain & logistics managementActuarial science (BLS +22%)Construction management (+9%)Finance with AI/quant skills (2.76% unemployment, $70K)Relationship-driven enterprise sales and strategy roles
Key evidence: Burning Glass Institute 'No Country for Young Grads' (2025) · PwC entry-hiring cuts (Business Insider/FT 2025-26) · WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · PwC 2025 Global AI Jobs Barometer
Labor economist: 44Career advisor: 46AI skeptic: 53
19Computer & Information Sciences CIP 11 Exposed↘ deteriorating
45$117k▸
The highest-paid degree is now the riskiest first job to land — go in only if you aim above the code-monkey rung.
CS sits at the epicenter of every exposure measure (37% of Claude.ai traffic, 44-46% of enterprise API; 81% of posting skills hybrid-transformable per Indeed) and shows the clearest observed entry-level damage: 22-25-year-old developers down ~20% from peak (ADP/Stanford), new grads down to 7% of Big Tech hires, CS recent-grad unemployment 6.99% (4th of 73 majors). But the pain is at the hiring margin, not job quality: employed CS grads still earn $87K with 19.1% underemployment, BLS projects developers +15% and data scientists +33.5%, AI-skill premia run 28-56%, and software postings were recovering (+14% YoY) by May 2026. Score deviates +7 from the blend (37.5) because the counter-evidence (Yale Budget Lab null, ~half the posting decline pre-dating ChatGPT, Section 174 tax confound) argues against attributing the full slump to AI for a 2031 graduate.
Task exposure (inverted)
13
Observed displacement (inv.)
31
Entry-level resilience
29
Augmentation upside
88
Human moat
27
ROI resilience
71
Most at risk inside this family
Routine coding / computer programming (BLS -6%, OEWS down 30% since 2022)QA and software testingIT helpdesk and generic web developmentEntry-level data analytics (worst Indeed posting index, 60.4)
Most resilient inside this family
AI/ML engineering (WEF +82%)Cybersecurity (WEF +53%)Data science (BLS +33.5%, 4th fastest occupation)Systems architecture / senior platform engineering
Key evidence: Brynjolfsson, Chandar & Chen 'Canaries in the Coal Mine' (ADP, Nov 2025) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Anthropic Economic Index (Feb 2025–Mar 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Yale Budget Lab / Brookings AI labor tracking
Labor economist: 41Career advisor: 45AI skeptic: 48
20Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies CIP 30 Exposed→ stable
45$66k▸
The score is whatever you bolt together — data-plus-domain combos beat the market; vague 'studies' degrees land on the generic white-collar rung AI is sawing off.
This catch-all family inherits the fate of its components: Eloundou shows exposure peaking exactly at the Job Zone 4 generalist-bachelor's tier where unspecialized interdisciplinary grads land, and the 41.7% recent-grad underemployment baseline hits generic credentials hardest. Conversely, deliberate hybrids (neuroscience, computational biology, environmental science with field components, data-plus-domain programs) ride the protective science and augmentation channels, and Lightcast finds 51% of AI-skill postings now outside IT — rewarding domain-plus-AI combinations. Scored at the median with high within-family variance.
Task exposure (inverted)
43
Observed displacement (inv.)
53
Entry-level resilience
46
Augmentation upside
48
Human moat
36
ROI resilience
43
Most at risk inside this family
General/liberal 'studies' programs without a technical or clinical coreGeneric project-coordination landing jobs
Most resilient inside this family
Neuroscience and computational-science hybridsEnvironmental interdisciplinary programs with fieldworkData science + domain double-majors
Key evidence: Eloundou et al. 'GPTs are GPTs' (Science 2024) · NY Fed quarterly underemployment series (May 2026) · Lightcast 'Beyond the Buzz' (2025)
Labor economist: 41Career advisor: 45AI skeptic: 48
21Social Sciences CIP 45 Exposed→ stable
44$68k▸
Fine as a launchpad to law, policy, or economics — risky as a terminal degree feeding generic analyst jobs that AI is thinning out.
Felten's LLM index puts sociology, political science, and psychology teaching in the top-20 most-exposed occupations, anthropology posts the single worst recent-grad unemployment (7.92%, 55.3% underemployed), and the generic research/analyst/business-operations landing jobs for these majors are exactly where Burning Glass sees junior postings contracting. Economics is the family's strong exception (quant skills, grad-school optionality), and EIG's wide-confidence-interval caveat means single-major point estimates deserve shrinkage. Recent-grad underemployment baseline of ~40% weighs on terminal-BA ROI.
Task exposure (inverted)
40
Observed displacement (inv.)
54
Entry-level resilience
47
Augmentation upside
53
Human moat
37
ROI resilience
47
Most at risk inside this family
Anthropology (7.92% unemployment, highest of 73 majors)Political science → generic policy/admin analyst roles (z=1.37 exposure)Sociology → market-research-adjacent jobs
Most resilient inside this family
Economics (quant skills + grad pipeline)Survey/quantitative methods with AI toolingPre-law track (record law-grad employment per NALP)
Key evidence: Felten-Raj-Seamans LLM AIOE (2023) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · EIG Agglomerations critique of by-major estimates · Burning Glass Institute 'No Country for Young Grads' (2025)
Labor economist: 43Career advisor: 44AI skeptic: 52
22Philosophy & Religious Studies CIP 38 Exposed→ stable
43$59k▸
AI can write the essay but not award the JD — philosophy survives as the law-school and ethics on-ramp, not as a job in itself.
Philosophy/religion teaching ranks in Felten's top-20 most-exposed occupations and the major's writing-heavy skill set overlaps the most-automated task domain, but realized outcomes are middling, not catastrophic (5.12% unemployment). The major's economic value has always run through graduate pipelines — law (lawyers +4%, record law-grad employment), academia, and increasingly AI ethics/policy — rather than direct employment, which both caps the downside and limits standalone ROI. No observed AI-specific damage distinguishes it from the general humanities baseline.
Task exposure (inverted)
33
Observed displacement (inv.)
57
Entry-level resilience
43
Augmentation upside
43
Human moat
42
ROI resilience
37
Most at risk inside this family
Adjunct humanities teachingGeneric writing/research/admin landing jobs
Most resilient inside this family
Law school pipelineAI ethics and policy roles (emerging niche)Clergy/chaplaincy crossover (embodied trust)
Key evidence: Felten-Raj-Seamans LLM AIOE (2023) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · NALP class-of-2024 employment data · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34
Labor economist: 40Career advisor: 43AI skeptic: 45
23History CIP 54 Exposed→ stable
42$58k▸
Historians rank #2 on AI's can-do list, but the major's real product — teachers and law students — still sells; it's the research-assistant middle that vanishes.
History sits high on every exposure index (Felten z=1.813 for history teaching; historians #2 of 785 occupations on Microsoft's applicability score), yet observed outcomes are unremarkable rather than collapsing (4.31% recent-grad unemployment, no AI-era deterioration). The major functions mostly as a pipeline: secondary social-studies teaching and law school (record law-grad employment per NALP) remain solid, while the archival/research/paralegal landing jobs in between are contracting (paralegals ~0% growth, AI-cited). Classic case of high exposure heavily discounted by weak realized displacement.
Task exposure (inverted)
28
Observed displacement (inv.)
57
Entry-level resilience
43
Augmentation upside
43
Human moat
39
ROI resilience
37
Most at risk inside this family
Archival/research support rolesMuseum content and interpretation desk rolesParalegal landing jobs (BLS ~0%)
Most resilient inside this family
Secondary social-studies teaching certificationLaw school pipeline (NALP record employment)Public history with in-person curation/programming
Key evidence: Felten-Raj-Seamans LLM AIOE (2023) · Microsoft Research Bing Copilot study (2025) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · NALP class-of-2024 employment data
Labor economist: 38Career advisor: 42AI skeptic: 43
24Legal Studies CIP 22 Exposed→ stable
41$71k▸
The bar exam protects lawyers, not paralegals — the undergrad legal-support track this degree feeds is flat-to-shrinking while AI does the document review.
Legal services is the most LLM-exposed industry in Felten's ranking with 44% of tasks automatable (Goldman), and BLS projects paralegals at ~0% growth explicitly citing AI research/document tools, with legal secretaries newly on WEF's fastest-declining list — that is exactly the bachelor's-level terrain of CIP 22. The countervailing fact is that lawyer demand is fine (+4%, NALP-record law-grad employment), so the degree retains value strictly as a JD on-ramp. PwC/Yale null results caution against assuming collapse, but the support-tier first rung is clearly narrowing.
Task exposure (inverted)
19
Observed displacement (inv.)
50
Entry-level resilience
36
Augmentation upside
57
Human moat
59
ROI resilience
44
Most at risk inside this family
Paralegal/legal assistant roles (BLS ~0%, AI-cited)Legal secretaries (WEF decline list)Document review and contracts administration
Most resilient inside this family
JD pipeline (lawyers +4%, record law-grad employment)Compliance roles requiring judgment and accountabilityCourtroom-facing and client-facing legal work
Key evidence: BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Felten-Raj-Seamans LLM AIOE (2023) · Goldman Sachs Research (2023) · WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 · NALP / Thomson Reuters legal AI adoption data
Labor economist: 40Career advisor: 41AI skeptic: 45
25Area, Ethnic & Gender Studies CIP 05 Exposed→ stable
38$57k▸
Chronically weak ROI more than newly AI-broken — the nonprofit/comms jobs it feeds are exposed, and the degree needs a second engine (law, policy, data) to pay off.
Direct evidence on this small family is thin; the nearest proxies (anthropology at 7.92% unemployment, humanities/social-science teaching in Felten's top-20 exposure) and its typical landing jobs (nonprofit communications, research assistance, DEI/admin roles) sit in the exposed writing/admin zone. There is no observed AI-specific collapse — the distress pattern is chronic underemployment, predating GenAI. Wide ACS confidence intervals argue for shrinking toward the humanities mean, which is what this score does.
Task exposure (inverted)
37
Observed displacement (inv.)
48
Entry-level resilience
40
Augmentation upside
38
Human moat
34
ROI resilience
28
Most at risk inside this family
Nonprofit communications/advocacy content rolesGeneric research-assistant and program-admin jobsCorporate DEI content/training production
Most resilient inside this family
Law and public-policy graduate pipelinesSocial services casework (in-person)Community organizing and direct-service leadership
Key evidence: Felten-Raj-Seamans LLM AIOE (2023) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · EIG Agglomerations confidence-interval critique
Labor economist: 33Career advisor: 38AI skeptic: 42
26Liberal Arts & Humanities CIP 24 Exposed↘ deteriorating
37$60k▸
The general-purpose BA's classic landing jobs — admin, support, content — are the AI kill zone, and employers are dropping degree requirements there fastest.
Generalist humanities grads land disproportionately in the office/administrative, customer-service, and content roles that anchor every displacement list (WEF clerical declines, McKinsey -18% office support, Salesforce support cuts), against a 41.7% recent-grad underemployment baseline. PwC finds degree requirements eroding fastest (down 7-9 points) precisely in AI-exposed jobs — a direct hit to the credential's signaling value. The Loaiza/MIT task-bundling result and the Yale null temper the doom, and grads who stack AI fluency onto communication skills can ride the 51%-of-AI-postings-outside-IT wave, but the median path is weakening.
Task exposure (inverted)
35
Observed displacement (inv.)
47
Entry-level resilience
36
Augmentation upside
43
Human moat
30
ROI resilience
29
Most at risk inside this family
General studies → administrative/customer-service landing jobsEntry content-production and coordination roles
Most resilient inside this family
Humanities + AI/data skill stacks (Lightcast premium)Teaching certification pipelinesGraduate/professional school routes
Key evidence: PwC 2025 Global AI Jobs Barometer (degree-requirement erosion) · McKinsey Generative AI and the Future of Work in America (2023) · NY Fed quarterly underemployment series (May 2026) · WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025
Labor economist: 34Career advisor: 37AI skeptic: 39
27Visual & Performing Arts CIP 50 Exposed↘ deteriorating
33$48k▸
Commercial design is the first creative casualty of image AI, while live performance is booming — this family is two different fates wearing one diploma.
Graphic designers entered WEF's fastest-declining list for the first time with the report explicitly blaming GenAI, graphic-artist postings fell 33% in a year (Bloomberry), BLS flags AI as limiting designer demand (+2%), and arts/media work is ~7x overrepresented in Claude usage. Crucially, NY Fed data show fine arts distress (7.66% unemployment, 58.9% underemployment) is chronic rather than AI-new — this was a low-ROI family before ChatGPT. The embodied live niche is genuinely growing (record $1.89B Broadway season; touring +61% vs 2019), and AI-skill postings in performing arts grew fastest of any career area, but the median commercial-art career path is deteriorating.
Task exposure (inverted)
25
Observed displacement (inv.)
35
Entry-level resilience
32
Augmentation upside
45
Human moat
47
ROI resilience
22
Most at risk inside this family
Graphic design (WEF decline list, -33% postings)Illustration and stock/production artCommercial photography (-28% postings)Animation in-betweening and asset production
Most resilient inside this family
Live performance — theater, touring music (record demand)Creative direction / art direction with taste-and-brand ownershipArts educationExperiential and set design (embodied)
Key evidence: WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 · Bloomberry 180M-postings analysis (2025) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026) · Broadway League 2024-25 season data
Labor economist: 31Career advisor: 33AI skeptic: 35
28Communications & Journalism CIP 09 Exposed↘ deteriorating
32$66k▸
Journalism and PR are shedding the exact jobs this degree feeds — 3,400+ newsroom cuts in 2025 alone — leaving strategy and live-format niches for the few.
The displacement evidence is unusually concrete: journalist postings -22%, PR specialists -21% (Bloomberry), 3,434 journalism jobs cut in 2025 on top of ~15,000 media cuts in 2024, BLS projecting news analysts/reporters -4%, and media/communication work running ~7x overrepresented in AI usage. Unemployment (3.86%) looks deceptively moderate because grads absorb into high-underemployment adjacent roles. Marketing-communications survivors increasingly need AI fluency (AI-mention share of marketing postings nearly doubled to 14.9% in 2025); the strategic, relationship- and trust-based top of the field persists, but the entry ladder below it is being sawed off.
Task exposure (inverted)
18
Observed displacement (inv.)
33
Entry-level resilience
32
Augmentation upside
52
Human moat
32
ROI resilience
41
Most at risk inside this family
News reporting (BLS -4%; 3,400+ cuts in 2025)PR specialist roles (-21% postings)Social-media/content productionGeneric corporate communications
Most resilient inside this family
Strategic communications & crisis management (relationship moat)Live broadcast/event productionAI-fluent marketing communications (14.9% of postings mention AI)
Key evidence: Press Gazette journalism cuts tracker (2025) · Bloomberry 180M-postings analysis (2025) · BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 · Anthropic Economic Index (2025-26) · Indeed Hiring Lab AI-postings tracking (Jan 2026)
Labor economist: 29Career advisor: 32AI skeptic: 37
29English Language & Literature CIP 23 High risk↘ deteriorating
28$56k▸
Writing-for-pay is the most directly automated graduate skill there is — the content-mill first rung is already gone; only teaching and editorial judgment survive.
Writing tasks are nearly half of all measured AI usage, writers/authors rate at 100% task exposure (Eloundou) and #3 on Microsoft's applicability ranking, and the observed damage is broad: freelance writing demand down ~30%, writer postings -28% (Bloomberry), proofreading and content roles hollowing out, with English recent grads at 6.14% unemployment and 48.5% underemployment. The augmentation channel mostly pays AI-fluent people in OTHER fields to write less, not English majors to write more. The teaching-certification pipeline and senior editorial/IP-owning roles are the remaining solid ground.
Task exposure (inverted)
13
Observed displacement (inv.)
30
Entry-level resilience
27
Augmentation upside
42
Human moat
27
ROI resilience
33
Most at risk inside this family
Content writing / copywritingProofreading and copyeditingRoutine technical writingFreelance writing platforms (-30% demand)
Most resilient inside this family
Secondary-English teaching certificationSenior editorial direction and acquisitionsBrand-name creative authorship (IP ownership)
Key evidence: Anthropic Economic Index (2025-26) · Eloundou et al. 'GPTs are GPTs' (Science 2024) · Demirci/Hannane/Zhu & Teutloff et al. freelance-platform studies · Bloomberry 180M-postings analysis (2025) · NY Fed Labor Market for Recent College Graduates (Feb 2026)
Labor economist: 25Career advisor: 28AI skeptic: 29
30Foreign Languages & Literatures CIP 16 High risk↘ deteriorating
23$59k▸
Machine translation is the one place where 'AI took the jobs' is simply, measurably true — a language degree now needs a second skill attached to pay off.
Translation is the digest's cleanest observed-displacement case, multi-sourced across every evidence class: 43% of translators report income loss and a third lost work to GenAI (Society of Authors), an Oxford study finds ~28,000 US translator jobs never created in machine-translation-heavy regions, Duolingo cut translation contractors twice, freelance translation demand fell 19-30%, interpreters/translators rank #1 of 785 occupations on Microsoft's applicability index, and BLS projects just +2% explicitly citing AI tools. The NY Fed's 1.58% unemployment is a trap — 54% underemployment shows grads simply work outside the field. Residual value survives in certified court/medical interpreting (liability moat), teaching pipelines, and language-plus-domain combinations; the standalone translation career does not.
Task exposure (inverted)
10
Observed displacement (inv.)
20
Entry-level resilience
20
Augmentation upside
32
Human moat
32
ROI resilience
28
Most at risk inside this family
Written translation and localization (the family's core paid skill)Subtitling/transcription workFreelance interpretation for low-stakes settingsLanguage-content creation
Most resilient inside this family
Certified court/medical/conference interpreting (liability + real-time presence)K-12 language teaching (1.58% unemployment via teaching pipeline)Language + business/intelligence/diplomacy hybrid careers
Key evidence: Society of Authors translator survey · Frey & Llanos-Paredes Oxford machine-translation study · Microsoft Research Copilot applicability study (#1 of 785) · BLS interpreter/translator projections (explicit AI citation) · Duolingo contractor cuts (TechCrunch)
Labor economist: 19Career advisor: 24AI skeptic: 23
Part 2 · The ROI lens

Pay today vs. resilience tomorrow

Median earnings four years after a bachelor's degree (College Scorecard, graduates of the indexed colleges) against the AI-proof score. The dangerous quadrant is top-left: majors that pay well today precisely because of tasks AI is learning fastest.

Bubble size ∝ number of bachelor's programs in the family across the indexed colleges. Hover for details.
Part 3 · Colleges

The college index

Each college's score is the degree-mix-weighted average of its major-family scores — a measure of what its students study, not of institutional quality. A music conservatory and a nursing school can both be excellent; their graduates face very different AI exposure.

#CollegeAI-proof score Degree-mix driversMedian earnings (4 yr)
1
Thomas Jefferson University
Regional · mix coverage 90%
79 AI-Secure
Health Professions 66%Business / Marketing 8%Architecture 7%
$77k
2
Saint Louis University
Regional · mix coverage 70%
70 Moderate
Health Professions 27%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$71k
3
Rutgers University, Camden
Regional · mix coverage 80%
67 Moderate
Health Professions 31%Business / Marketing 28%Psychology 8%
$74k
4
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Regional · mix coverage 74%
67 Moderate
Health Professions 21%Business / Marketing 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%
$55k
5
Creighton University
Regional · mix coverage 88%
66 Moderate
Health Professions 32%Business / Marketing 24%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%
$74k
6
Colorado School of Mines
State Flagship · mix coverage 100%
64 Moderate
Engineering 72%Computer / Information Sciences 22%Mathematics / Statistics 3%
$97k
7
Texas A&M University
State Flagship · mix coverage 62%
63 Moderate
Engineering 18%Business / Marketing 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$72k
8
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Regional · mix coverage 96%
63 Moderate
Engineering 62%Computer / Information Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 6%
$103k
9
University of Delaware
State Flagship · mix coverage 62%
62 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 11%Engineering 10%
$73k
10
University of Pittsburgh
State Flagship · mix coverage 63%
62 Moderate
Engineering 12%Business / Marketing 11%Health Professions 11%
$66k
11
University of Illinois, Chicago
State Flagship · mix coverage 73%
62 Moderate
Business / Marketing 18%Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%
$69k
12
Drexel University
Regional · mix coverage 77%
62 Moderate
Engineering 19%Health Professions 18%Business / Marketing 16%
$85k
13
University of Vermont
State Flagship · mix coverage 57%
62 Moderate
Natural Resources / Conservation 11%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Health Professions 10%
$62k
14
University of Kentucky
Selective Public · mix coverage 65%
62 Moderate
Business / Marketing 22%Health Professions 13%Engineering 9%
$59k
15
Ohio State University
State Flagship · mix coverage 69%
61 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Engineering 15%Health Professions 11%
$60k
16
University of Rochester
Regional · mix coverage 84%
61 Moderate
Education 25%Health Professions 14%Business / Marketing 14%
$79k
17
University of Central Florida
State Flagship · mix coverage 61%
61 Moderate
Business / Marketing 15%Health Professions 14%Psychology 11%
$58k
18
Marquette University
Regional · mix coverage 77%
61 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Engineering 13%
$78k
19
Johns Hopkins University
Ivy+ · mix coverage 80%
61 Moderate
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 26%Engineering 19%Computer / Information Sciences 10%
$88k
20
University of California, Merced
Regional · mix coverage 87%
61 Moderate
Engineering 24%Psychology 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%
$64k
21
Stony Brook University (SUNY)
State Flagship · mix coverage 68%
61 Moderate
Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Psychology 12%
$75k
22
Clemson University
State Flagship · mix coverage 72%
60 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8%
$72k
23
University of Arizona
Regional · mix coverage 53%
60 Moderate
Business / Marketing 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Health Professions 8%
$60k
24
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Regional · mix coverage 83%
60 Moderate
Engineering 43%Computer / Information Sciences 21%Business / Marketing 6%
$102k
25
North Carolina State University
State Flagship · mix coverage 69%
60 Moderate
Engineering 24%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$69k
26
University of South Florida
State Flagship · mix coverage 72%
60 Moderate
Health Professions 17%Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%
$58k
27
Purdue University
State Flagship · mix coverage 67%
60 Moderate
Engineering 23%Business / Marketing 16%Computer / Information Sciences 11%
$72k
28
Auburn University
State Flagship · mix coverage 67%
60 Moderate
Business / Marketing 26%Engineering 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$65k
29
Georgia Institute of Technology
Public Ivy · mix coverage 92%
60 Moderate
Engineering 44%Computer / Information Sciences 28%Business / Marketing 9%
$103k
30
University at Buffalo (SUNY)
State Flagship · mix coverage 71%
59 Moderate
Business / Marketing 17%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 12%
$71k
31
Baylor University
Regional · mix coverage 73%
59 Moderate
Business / Marketing 26%Health Professions 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$66k
32
University of Mississippi
Selective Public · mix coverage 70%
59 Moderate
Business / Marketing 27%Health Professions 19%Communications / Journalism 9%
$51k
33
Illinois Institute of Technology
Regional · mix coverage 92%
59 Moderate
Engineering 41%Computer / Information Sciences 28%Architecture 15%
$83k
34
University of San Francisco
Regional · mix coverage 73%
59 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 20%Social Sciences 10%
$90k
35
University of Washington
State Flagship · mix coverage 60%
59 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Social Sciences 10%
$78k
36
Iowa State University
Regional · mix coverage 64%
59 Moderate
Engineering 21%Business / Marketing 17%Agriculture 11%
$63k
37
University of South Carolina
State Flagship · mix coverage 67%
59 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Health Professions 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%
$62k
38
New Jersey Institute of Technology
State Flagship · mix coverage 90%
58 Moderate
Engineering 35%Computer / Information Sciences 30%Engineering Technology 10%
$84k
39
Duke University
Ivy+ · mix coverage 75%
58 Moderate
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 13%Social Sciences 13%Computer / Information Sciences 13%
$98k
40
Rutgers University, New Brunswick
State Flagship · mix coverage 69%
58 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Engineering 10%
$74k
41
Case Western Reserve University
Selective Private · mix coverage 76%
58 Moderate
Engineering 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Computer / Information Sciences 9%
$88k
42
University of New Hampshire
Regional · mix coverage 60%
58 Moderate
Business / Marketing 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%Health Professions 9%
$66k
43
University of Florida
Public Ivy · mix coverage 60%
58 Moderate
Engineering 14%Business / Marketing 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$72k
44
Loyola University Chicago
Regional · mix coverage 71%
58 Moderate
Business / Marketing 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Health Professions 14%
$72k
45
Binghamton University (SUNY)
State Flagship · mix coverage 71%
58 Moderate
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 20%Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 13%
$81k
46
University of California, Davis
State Flagship · mix coverage 63%
58 Moderate
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Social Sciences 13%Psychology 11%
$81k
47
Arizona State University
Selective Public · mix coverage 60%
58 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 8%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8%
$63k
48
Stevens Institute of Technology
Regional · mix coverage 95%
58 Moderate
Engineering 43%Computer / Information Sciences 24%Business / Marketing 12%
$109k
49
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
State Flagship · mix coverage 59%
58 Moderate
Engineering 22%Business / Marketing 10%Computer / Information Sciences 8%
$81k
50
Northeastern University
Ivy+ · mix coverage 82%
57 Moderate
Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 18%Computer / Information Sciences 16%
$93k
51
University of Iowa
Regional · mix coverage 66%
57 Moderate
Business / Marketing 24%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 10%Health Professions 9%
$65k
52
Gonzaga University
Regional · mix coverage 72%
57 Moderate
Business / Marketing 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Psychology 10%
$79k
53
Oregon State University
Selective Public · mix coverage 66%
57 Moderate
Engineering 16%Computer / Information Sciences 16%Business / Marketing 13%
$64k
54
CUNY City College
State Flagship · mix coverage 71%
57 Moderate
Psychology 20%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 12%
$66k
55
Rice University
Elite Private · mix coverage 68%
57 Moderate
Engineering 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 15%
$90k
56
California Institute of Technology
Ivy+ · mix coverage 100%
56 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 41%Engineering 31%Physical Sciences 14%
$129k
57
Brigham Young University
Regional · mix coverage 57%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Engineering 8%
$76k
58
Princeton University
Ivy League · mix coverage 78%
56 Moderate
Social Sciences 20%Engineering 17%Computer / Information Sciences 16%
$110k
59
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ivy+ · mix coverage 95%
56 Moderate
Engineering 32%Computer / Information Sciences 31%Mathematics / Statistics 11%
$143k
60
University of Texas at Dallas
Regional · mix coverage 81%
56 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 24%Business / Marketing 19%Engineering 11%
$68k
61
Harvey Mudd College
Top LAC · mix coverage 100%
56 Moderate
Engineering 30%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 27%Computer / Information Sciences 18%
$139k
62
Lafayette College
Top LAC · mix coverage 83%
56 Moderate
Social Sciences 30%Engineering 22%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%
$91k
63
Emory University
Elite Private · mix coverage 75%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Social Sciences 11%
$80k
64
Cornell University
Ivy League · mix coverage 74%
56 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 18%Business / Marketing 14%Engineering 13%
$104k
65
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
State Flagship · mix coverage 71%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 8%
$82k
66
George Washington University
Regional · mix coverage 78%
56 Moderate
Social Sciences 32%Health Professions 16%Business / Marketing 14%
$91k
67
University of Kansas
Selective Public · mix coverage 59%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Engineering 9%Health Professions 9%
$62k
68
Villanova University
Selective Private · mix coverage 76%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 24%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 11%
$100k
69
University of Pennsylvania
Ivy League · mix coverage 63%
56 Moderate
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Social Sciences 11%
$111k
70
Florida State University
Public Ivy · mix coverage 67%
56 Moderate
Business / Marketing 23%Social Sciences 14%Psychology 8%
$62k
71
University of California, San Diego
Public Ivy · mix coverage 75%
55 Moderate
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 21%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 17%Engineering 12%
$85k
72
University of Houston
Regional · mix coverage 66%
55 Moderate
Business / Marketing 28%Computer / Information Sciences 10%Psychology 9%
$62k
73
University of Maryland, College Park
State Flagship · mix coverage 70%
55 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 21%Business / Marketing 12%Social Sciences 12%
$83k
74
Louisiana State University
Selective Public · mix coverage 63%
55 Moderate
Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 10%Education 9%
$61k
75
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Selective Public · mix coverage 62%
55 Moderate
Business / Marketing 22%Engineering 10%Agriculture 9%
$57k
76
University of California, Berkeley
Public Ivy · mix coverage 66%
54 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 17%Social Sciences 16%Engineering 13%
$92k
77
Lehigh University
Selective Private · mix coverage 80%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 27%Engineering 22%Computer / Information Sciences 12%
$106k
78
University of Miami
Selective Private · mix coverage 70%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 20%Health Professions 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$75k
79
Bucknell University
Top LAC · mix coverage 81%
54 Moderate
Social Sciences 21%Engineering 19%Business / Marketing 16%
$94k
80
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Selective Public · mix coverage 65%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 28%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 7%
$60k
81
University of Michigan
Public Ivy · mix coverage 67%
54 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 16%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 12%
$84k
82
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
State Flagship · mix coverage 62%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Computer / Information Sciences 10%
$69k
83
University of Alabama
Selective Public · mix coverage 73%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 29%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 10%
$59k
84
Brandeis University
Regional · mix coverage 69%
54 Moderate
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Social Sciences 18%Public Administration / Social Service 9%
$77k
85
Howard University
Selective Private · mix coverage 68%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 11%
$63k
86
Rochester Institute of Technology
Regional · mix coverage 78%
54 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 23%Engineering 20%Visual / Performing Arts 13%
$77k
87
University of California, Los Angeles
Public Ivy · mix coverage 74%
54 Moderate
Social Sciences 24%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Psychology 12%
$83k
88
California State University, Long Beach
Public Ivy · mix coverage 57%
54 Moderate
Business / Marketing 16%Visual / Performing Arts 11%Engineering 9%
$64k
89
Washington University in St. Louis
Elite Private · mix coverage 71%
53 Moderate
Engineering 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Social Sciences 12%
$86k
90
Rutgers University, Newark
State Flagship · mix coverage 87%
53 Moderate
Business / Marketing 41%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Psychology 10%
$74k
91
Haverford College
Top LAC · mix coverage 80%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 23%Physical Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%
$80k
92
University of Notre Dame
Elite Private · mix coverage 77%
53 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 14%Social Sciences 14%
$100k
93
University of California, Irvine
Public Ivy · mix coverage 72%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 16%Psychology 13%Business / Marketing 12%
$81k
94
Davidson College
Elite Private · mix coverage 73%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Psychology 10%
$81k
95
Bates College
Top LAC · mix coverage 80%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 29%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 21%Psychology 11%
$69k
96
University of California, Riverside
Regional · mix coverage 74%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Business / Marketing 15%
$68k
97
George Mason University
Regional · mix coverage 62%
53 Moderate
Business / Marketing 20%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Homeland Security / Law Enforcement 8%
$76k
98
Dartmouth College
Ivy League · mix coverage 72%
53 Moderate
Social Sciences 28%Engineering 17%Computer / Information Sciences 8%
$97k
99
University of Massachusetts Amherst
State Flagship · mix coverage 58%
53 Moderate
Business / Marketing 16%Social Sciences 10%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$72k
100
University of Colorado Boulder
Selective Public · mix coverage 72%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 17%Engineering 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%
$70k
101
Middlebury College
Elite Private · mix coverage 64%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$76k
102
Tulane University
Elite Private · mix coverage 77%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 30%Social Sciences 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$63k
103
Dickinson College
Top LAC · mix coverage 68%
52 Moderate
Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Business / Marketing 11%
$70k
104
Carnegie Mellon University
Elite Private · mix coverage 79%
52 Moderate
Engineering 23%Computer / Information Sciences 17%Mathematics / Statistics 12%
$115k
105
University of Wisconsin-Madison
State Flagship · mix coverage 55%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%Social Sciences 8%
$74k
106
Florida International University
State Flagship · mix coverage 64%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 23%Psychology 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$60k
107
Temple University
Regional · mix coverage 61%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 21%Health Professions 10%Communications / Journalism 9%
$64k
108
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
State Flagship · mix coverage 76%
52 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 12%
$70k
109
Michigan State University
State Flagship · mix coverage 62%
52 Moderate
Business / Marketing 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 10%
$67k
110
Rhodes College
Top LAC · mix coverage 71%
52 Moderate
Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Business / Marketing 12%
$67k
111
Colgate University
Selective Private · mix coverage 75%
52 Moderate
Social Sciences 36%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 8%
$85k
112
Furman University
Top LAC · mix coverage 62%
52 Moderate
Social Sciences 14%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 14%Business / Marketing 11%
$69k
113
Stanford University
Ivy+ · mix coverage 76%
52 Moderate
Computer / Information Sciences 19%Engineering 17%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 16%
$124k
114
College of William & Mary
Public Ivy · mix coverage 68%
52 Moderate
Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 12%
$73k
115
Colby College
Elite Private · mix coverage 75%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 29%Psychology 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%
$80k
116
Miami University
Selective Public · mix coverage 63%
51 Moderate
Business / Marketing 28%Social Sciences 8%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 7%
$55k
117
Centre College
Top LAC · mix coverage 79%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 28%Psychology 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%
$66k
118
Colorado College
Top LAC · mix coverage 66%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Visual / Performing Arts 9%
$65k
119
Pennsylvania State University, University Park
State Flagship · mix coverage 65%
51 Moderate
Business / Marketing 19%Engineering 14%Computer / Information Sciences 12%
$63k
120
Carleton College
Top LAC · mix coverage 74%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 20%Computer / Information Sciences 16%Physical Sciences 13%
$76k
121
Tufts University
Elite Private · mix coverage 77%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 21%Engineering 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12%
$83k
122
Whitman College
Top LAC · mix coverage 80%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Psychology 12%
$68k
123
University of Texas at Austin
Public Ivy · mix coverage 60%
51 Moderate
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Engineering 10%
$75k
124
Texas Christian University
Regional · mix coverage 73%
51 Moderate
Business / Marketing 28%Health Professions 13%Communications / Journalism 13%
$68k
125
University of Oklahoma
Regional · mix coverage 63%
51 Moderate
Business / Marketing 25%Engineering 10%Communications / Journalism 8%
$63k
126
Pomona College
Elite Private · mix coverage 70%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 18%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 14%
$78k
127
Bowdoin College
Elite Private · mix coverage 78%
51 Moderate
Social Sciences 31%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 19%Physical Sciences 9%
$83k
128
University of San Diego
Regional · mix coverage 83%
50 Moderate
Business / Marketing 39%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Social Sciences 11%
$87k
129
Brown University
Ivy League · mix coverage 71%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 23%Computer / Information Sciences 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%
$93k
130
Vanderbilt University
Ivy+ · mix coverage 80%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 33%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Engineering 11%
$92k
131
Columbia University
Ivy League · mix coverage 72%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 24%Computer / Information Sciences 17%Engineering 12%
$102k
132
Yale University
Ivy League · mix coverage 67%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 23%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 10%
$101k
133
Wellesley College
Elite Private · mix coverage 73%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 25%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Computer / Information Sciences 12%
$85k
134
San Diego State University
State Flagship · mix coverage 63%
50 Moderate
Business / Marketing 27%Psychology 8%Social Sciences 8%
$65k
135
University of Richmond
Elite Private · mix coverage 79%
50 Moderate
Business / Marketing 40%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Social Sciences 10%
$76k
136
St. Olaf College
Top LAC · mix coverage 62%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 17%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Visual / Performing Arts 10%
$66k
137
Amherst College
Elite Private · mix coverage 68%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 10%
$78k
138
Santa Clara University
Regional · mix coverage 75%
50 Exposed
Business / Marketing 27%Engineering 15%Social Sciences 11%
$109k
139
Trinity College
Top LAC · mix coverage 68%
50 Moderate
Social Sciences 37%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Psychology 10%
$91k
140
University of Missouri
Regional · mix coverage 63%
50 Exposed
Business / Marketing 18%Area, Ethnic / Gender Studies 16%Health Professions 11%
$63k
141
Grinnell College
Top LAC · mix coverage 80%
50 Exposed
Social Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%Computer / Information Sciences 14%
$63k
142
Connecticut College
Top LAC · mix coverage 82%
50 Exposed
Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 22%Psychology 12%
$75k
143
Northwestern University
Elite Private · mix coverage 72%
49 Exposed
Engineering 15%Social Sciences 15%Communications / Journalism 14%
$89k
144
Swarthmore College
Elite Private · mix coverage 69%
49 Exposed
Social Sciences 24%Computer / Information Sciences 13%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%
$80k
145
University of Chicago
Ivy+ · mix coverage 76%
49 Exposed
Social Sciences 38%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%Computer / Information Sciences 9%
$92k
146
Harvard University
Ivy League · mix coverage 75%
49 Exposed
Social Sciences 30%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%Mathematics / Statistics 11%
$102k
147
University at Albany (SUNY)
State Flagship · mix coverage 70%
49 Exposed
Business / Marketing 15%Social Sciences 14%Computer / Information Sciences 10%
$68k
148
University of Virginia
Public Ivy · mix coverage 59%
49 Exposed
Liberal Arts / Humanities 15%Social Sciences 12%Engineering 10%
$87k
149
University of Georgia
State Flagship · mix coverage 64%
49 Exposed
Business / Marketing 28%Communications / Journalism 9%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$69k
150
Barnard College
Top LAC · mix coverage 77%
49 Exposed
Social Sciences 28%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Psychology 12%
$81k
151
Vassar College
Top LAC · mix coverage 68%
49 Exposed
Social Sciences 22%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 18%Visual / Performing Arts 10%
$71k
152
Boston University
Elite Private · mix coverage 71%
49 Exposed
Business / Marketing 17%Social Sciences 14%Communications / Journalism 13%
$83k
153
University of California, Santa Cruz
State Flagship · mix coverage 68%
49 Exposed
Computer / Information Sciences 16%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Social Sciences 10%
$68k
154
Claremont McKenna College
Elite Private · mix coverage 82%
48 Exposed
Social Sciences 44%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$105k
155
Wake Forest University
Selective Private · mix coverage 79%
48 Exposed
Business / Marketing 22%Social Sciences 21%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$78k
156
University of Connecticut
State Flagship · mix coverage 64%
48 Exposed
Business / Marketing 23%Social Sciences 11%Computer / Information Sciences 10%
$74k
157
Gettysburg College
Top LAC · mix coverage 77%
48 Exposed
Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 14%
$72k
158
Union College
Top LAC · mix coverage 66%
48 Exposed
Education 13%Business / Marketing 12%Visual / Performing Arts 11%
$89k
159
Georgetown University
Elite Private · mix coverage 80%
48 Exposed
Social Sciences 36%Business / Marketing 18%Legal Studies 11%
$103k
160
College of the Holy Cross
Top LAC · mix coverage 79%
48 Exposed
Social Sciences 35%Psychology 14%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%
$91k
161
Boston College
Elite Private · mix coverage 80%
48 Exposed
Business / Marketing 24%Social Sciences 20%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%
$104k
162
Williams College
Elite Private · mix coverage 67%
48 Exposed
Social Sciences 22%Computer / Information Sciences 11%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$89k
163
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Public Ivy · mix coverage 64%
48 Exposed
Biological / Biomedical Sciences 15%Social Sciences 14%Business / Marketing 10%
$72k
164
Macalester College
Top LAC · mix coverage 68%
47 Exposed
Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12%
$64k
165
Sewanee: The University of the South
Top LAC · mix coverage 75%
47 Exposed
Social Sciences 23%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 12%
$65k
166
University of Denver
Regional · mix coverage 80%
47 Exposed
Business / Marketing 32%Social Sciences 16%Psychology 12%
$71k
167
Reed College
Top LAC · mix coverage 65%
47 Exposed
Social Sciences 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 16%English Language / Literature 8%
$63k
168
Hamilton College
Elite Private · mix coverage 71%
47 Exposed
Social Sciences 29%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 14%Visual / Performing Arts 8%
$78k
169
University of California, Santa Barbara
Public Ivy · mix coverage 73%
47 Exposed
Social Sciences 27%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 11%Psychology 10%
$75k
170
Pepperdine University
Selective Private · mix coverage 79%
46 Exposed
Business / Marketing 28%Communications / Journalism 12%Psychology 11%
$83k
171
Bryn Mawr College
Top LAC · mix coverage 74%
46 Exposed
Social Sciences 26%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 17%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 9%
$75k
172
University of Southern California
Elite Private · mix coverage 67%
46 Exposed
Business / Marketing 23%Visual / Performing Arts 12%Social Sciences 10%
$92k
173
Yeshiva University
Regional · mix coverage 90%
46 Exposed
Philosophy / Religious Studies 48%Business / Marketing 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 7%
$71k
174
Babson College
Elite Private · mix coverage 100%
46 Exposed
Business / Marketing 100%
$124k
175
Elon University
Regional · mix coverage 74%
46 Exposed
Business / Marketing 29%Communications / Journalism 20%Parks, Recreation / Fitness 7%
$75k
176
Skidmore College
Top LAC · mix coverage 71%
46 Exposed
Social Sciences 15%Business / Marketing 15%Psychology 13%
$69k
177
New York University
Elite Private · mix coverage 67%
46 Exposed
Visual / Performing Arts 16%Social Sciences 13%Business / Marketing 13%
$83k
178
Wheaton College
Top LAC · mix coverage 62%
46 Exposed
Social Sciences 19%Business / Marketing 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 12%
$64k
179
Denison University
Top LAC · mix coverage 62%
45 Exposed
Social Sciences 22%Communications / Journalism 10%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 9%
$68k
180
Southern Methodist University
Regional · mix coverage 70%
45 Exposed
Business / Marketing 28%Social Sciences 13%Communications / Journalism 9%
$78k
181
University of Oregon
Regional · mix coverage 72%
45 Exposed
Social Sciences 18%Business / Marketing 17%Communications / Journalism 13%
$61k
182
Fordham University
Regional · mix coverage 73%
44 Exposed
Business / Marketing 18%Social Sciences 17%Mathematics / Statistics 14%
$86k
183
Chapman University
Regional · mix coverage 77%
44 Exposed
Business / Marketing 30%Visual / Performing Arts 21%Psychology 8%
$70k
184
American University
Regional · mix coverage 75%
44 Exposed
Social Sciences 36%Business / Marketing 13%Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 9%
$77k
185
Wesleyan University
Selective Private · mix coverage 76%
44 Exposed
Social Sciences 27%Psychology 13%Visual / Performing Arts 13%
$74k
186
Syracuse University
Regional · mix coverage 65%
43 Exposed
Communications / Journalism 14%Business / Marketing 14%Social Sciences 13%
$79k
187
Loyola Marymount University
Regional · mix coverage 80%
43 Exposed
Business / Marketing 28%Visual / Performing Arts 19%Social Sciences 15%
$78k
188
Indiana University Bloomington
Regional · mix coverage 80%
42 Exposed
Liberal Arts / Humanities 46%Business / Marketing 19%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 5%
$64k
189
Kenyon College
Top LAC · mix coverage 77%
42 Exposed
Social Sciences 23%English Language / Literature 15%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 13%
$72k
190
Oberlin College
Top LAC · mix coverage 72%
41 Exposed
Visual / Performing Arts 34%Social Sciences 12%Biological / Biomedical Sciences 10%
$58k
191
Bard College
Top LAC · mix coverage 100%
38 Exposed
Visual / Performing Arts 26%Liberal Arts / Humanities 25%Social Sciences 22%
$47k
192
Sarah Lawrence College
Top LAC · mix coverage 100%
37 Exposed
Liberal Arts / Humanities 100%
$54k
Part 4 · Methodology

How the index is built

What this is

An experimental synthesis of the 2024–2026 research on AI and graduate labor markets, reduced to one comparable number per major family. Each family is scored on six components, blended into a 0–100 AI-proof score (100 = ROI most resilient through ~2035):

ComponentWeightAsks
Task exposure (inverted)20%How much of the work can frontier models already do?
Observed displacement (inv.)20%Has measurable labor damage already shown up (2023–26)?
Entry-level resilience20%Will the first-rung job still exist in 2030?
Augmentation upside10%Does AI raise this profession’s productivity and wages?
Human moat15%Licensure, physical presence, care, trust, liability.
ROI resilience15%Earnings level, trajectory, and underemployment risk.

Three lenses, one score

Every family was scored independently through three deliberately different lenses — a cautious empirical labor economist (weights observed payroll and unemployment data over forecasts), a career advisor projecting to a 2031 graduation, and an AI-displacement skeptic (attributes the 2024–26 tech-hiring slump partly to interest rates, overhiring corrections, and offshoring). The published score reconciles the three; rows above show each lens's score so you can see where they disagree.

College scores

A college's score is the weighted average of its major-family scores, weighted by the share of degrees it awards in each family (College Scorecard degree-mix data, renormalized over the covered share — the data covers the top majors at each college, typically 55–100% of degrees).

Sources synthesized

Read this before quoting the index.
  • Experimental v0.1 synthesis (June 2026) — planning estimate, not a prediction. Scores assume no discontinuous AI capability jump.
  • Exposure is not displacement: much of the underlying evidence measures AI usage or task overlap, not realized job loss. Where only exposure data existed, scores discount accordingly.
  • The 2023-26 tech-hiring slump has documented non-AI drivers (interest rates, Section 174 amortization, pandemic over-hiring correction, offshoring); attribution to AI is genuinely uncertain and the skeptic lens explicitly discounts for it.
  • Majors are scored at the CIP-2 family level; variance inside a family is large. Read the at-risk vs resilient specialties — the same diploma can lead to both.
  • Earnings are College Scorecard medians for federally-aided graduates of these 192 selective colleges, measured 4 years after completion — not national averages for the major.
  • College scores reflect what students study (degree mix), not institutional quality, selectivity, or placement power. Degree-mix data covers the top majors at each college (53-100% of degrees, median ~72%) and is renormalized over the covered share.
Part 5 · FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does the AI-Proof score measure?

Each major family is scored 0–100; higher means the degree’s return on investment is more resilient to AI displacement through roughly 2035. The score is a weighted blend of six components — task exposure, observed displacement, entry-level resilience, augmentation upside, human moat, and ROI resilience. A college’s score is the degree-mix-weighted mean of its major-family scores.

Does an AI-exposed major mean I should avoid it?

No. Exposure is not displacement: much of the underlying evidence measures AI usage or task overlap, not realized job loss. Variance inside a family is also large — the same diploma can lead to resilient or at-risk work, so check the at-risk and resilient specialties listed for each family. Treat a low score as a prompt to plan your specific path, not a verdict on the major.

Underlying public data: College Scorecard earnings data, O*NET occupation data, and BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook projections, alongside the research sources listed above. Read more about our data sources and methodology.

Your kid's list deserves more than one number

College Monte Carlo simulates the entire admissions cycle — your real high school, your real college list, thousands of simulated competitors — to estimate admit odds, cost, and outcomes together.

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